Interview a woman or girl of a different generation Research Paper

Interview a woman or girl of a different generation - Research Paper Example People visit and settle in London for employment, business, health and education purposes. Keeping in view all these issues, I have conducted an interview of my colleague named Moona, a married working Egyptian Muslim lady of forty one years, who has been settled in the UK as immigrant for the last five years, and is leading a prosperous life in the vicinity of London city. The selection of the lady was made in order to compare and contrast the socio-cultural and religious beliefs as well as views and opinions on multiple issues with those followed and adopted by me. I am a young British university graduate of 23 years, and follow Christianity as my faith; I selected one of my colleagues for the interview. Since both Christianity and Islam seek inspiration from Abrahamic mythology, it was really wonderful to explore the commonalities and differences between the followers of these two religions. Being a professional social researcher, I assured confidentiality to the interviewee, whil e my communication with her. I had invited the interviewee in the restaurant at the bank of the romantic and calm Thames River in order to make the meeting remarkable and fantastic. I have named the interviewee as Moona in order to conceal her real identity. The interview was conducted in a highly friendly, amiable and pleasant environment, and the interviewee shared all her joys, sorrows and beliefs without any hesitation or hurdle. Though, I knew Moona for the last three years, yet we had never tried to explore very personal issues in past. However, during the interview, I found her as a highly sophisticated, well-mannered, well-groomed and polite lady. Here are the important findings of the interview: We had planned to meet at restaurant to give vent to our ideas and beliefs. At first, I paid my sincere thanks to her for sparing some moments from her precious time for the interview. Then I enquired her how did she feel about being a female both in the conservative Egyptian as wel l as the insecure ultra modern British society, as she belonged to the Muslim family of North Africa. She also thanked me for inviting her to dinner and discussion related to multiculturalism, which was also a topic of great interest for. She regarded being a woman as something pleasant and unpleasant equally. She admitted that Cairo was aptly regarded to be the Paris of Africa due to its modernity and being contiguous to Southern Europe, yet the girls underwent several restrictions in respect of moving freely in the male-dominating society. She informed me that there existed some proportion of conservative Christian and Muslim families in Egypt, which did not approve publically intermixing of boys and girls, and condemns and censures male-female joint sittings, studies and social interaction at large. They refuted European life style altogether, and declared it against their religious, social and cultural ideology. Hence, she had been brought up under several restrictions as soon a s she entered her teen-age, as she was not allowed to travel alone even to her school and to relatives and friends. Somehow, she also found life in London as very challenging for the woman folk, and insecurity often haunted women in all parts of England. I asked her whether ever had

Database Essay Example for Free

Database Essay Database systems are the spinal cord of any health care organization. It can be define as the collection of health data. The use of such systems has improve the health care system for decades helping set standards and even regulations to help the system be more efficiently productive. There are different database architectures available to meet the needs of each organization individually. There is a need for the continuum of database across the health care system. Definition A database is a structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those entities, and the relationships between the entities (Pratt Adamski, 2012, Chapter 1). How data is received, stored, processed, and made available to others has an effect on the success or failure of an organization. The use of different architecture is a most to fit the needs of the organization, however the value of the data still remains in been able to access and extract information from the database system, and the only way this can be reached is by organizing, storing, and analyzing it effectively. For many organizations these systems have become an essential part of their structural and operational success. The effectiveness of databases is based on the fact that from one single, inclusive database much information regarding a range of organizational principles can be obtained. In the health care industry database systems allows information to be shared and available to different users; it can provide an accurate, consistent, and up-to-date information about a patient’s condition and treatment, as well as provide a security measure so that the information is only viewable to those who should see it. Database Architectures A database consists of one or more tables; each containing data stored as individual records. Different database architectures determine how the tables and records are organized or related to one another. According to Penn State University (2008), â€Å"There are four structural types of database management systems: 1. Hierarchical- A hierarchical database is organized in pyramid fashion, like the branches of a tree extending downwards. Related fields or records are grouped together so that there are higher-level records and lower-level records. 2. Network- is similar to hierarchical databases by also having a hierarchical structure. There are a few key differences, however. Instead of looking like an upside-down tree, a network database looks more like a cobweb or interconnected network of records. 3. Relational- connects data in different files by using common data elements or a key field. Data in relational databases is stored in different tables, each having a key field that uniquely identifies each row. Relational databases are more flexible than either the hierarchical or network database structures. 4. Object-oriented- are useful for handling small snippets of information such as names, addresses, zip codes, product numbers, and any kind of statistic or number you can think of. It can be used to store data from a variety of media sources, such as photographs and text, and produce work, as output, in a multimedia format† (Database Fundamentals). The organization and delivery of healthcare services is an information intensive effort. Generally, the efficiency of healthcare operations is drastically affected by the level of the integration of information across all sectors (Wright, n.d.). Healthcare organizations that have not yet make the effort to integrate their data and relate information in an effective and efficient way will find it difficult to stay afloat or even compete within this part of the market. The healthcare market is undergoing changes were information technology has become essential to their every day functional activities. The need of database users across the health care continuum would increase with the demands of technology to be to focus on striving to provide a patient focus services in different entities. Recent advances in policy, practice and research are compelling health care leaders across the continuum of care to move beyond aspiring to be more patient- or person-centered to taking action to realize that vision. A growing body of evidence is linking adoption of a patient-centered approach to care to improved outcomes, including reduced lengths of stay, avoidable readmissions and emergency department visits, and increases in patient satisfaction and employee engagement (Planetree.org, 2012). Database systems serve as a connection pathway to future strategies of care. The need to keep up and try as much as possible to meet the demand is a most in the health care field. Since many changes are been made to health care, database systems would continue evolve, to improve and standardized the ability to organize, save, and share information throughout the system providing a more efficient and effective line of service for their customers and the demands of their markets for years to come.

Nintendo Market Analysis

Nintendo Market Analysis Introduction: The purpose of this assignment is to how do marketing research through analysis data of existing product, Nintendo Wii, competitors, and environment to achieve an increased understanding of the subject matter. Variety of marketing analysis tool, such as PEST, SWOT and Porter Five Force is illustrated in this report that evaluates marketing trend and future potential. Recommendation about Nintendo is given in the last chapter after identification key issue which includes customers, competitors and market place. Company background: Throughout its history in the home entertainment arena, Nintendo has created unique hardware and software as one integrated entertainment product, with software being the primary driver. Nowadays, Nintendo intends basic strategy that extends the worldwide gaming audience. For this purpose, Nintendo offers unique hardware and software to attract as many customers as possible around the world, which brings different experience to enjoy video game entertainment, regardless of their age, gender, language, culture background or gaming experience (Company Annul report, 2008). However, Sony usurps the pioneered static console market of Nintendo, even upstaged for a brief time by Microsoft, for years. It means that the GameCube console is not companys successful hope any more. In the same times, the console of choice for causal gamers the Wii falls short of convincing hardcore gamer that it is an essential purchase but with an estimated 3.5 million units sold in the UK, Nintendo will not be too concerned. (Mintel) Market summary The definition: The video games consoles market includes all video games used in conjunction with consoles and all associated hardware including consoles, peripherals and accessories such as gamepads, memory cards and cables. During in economical downturn, the global video game market maintains growth of 23.7% in 2008 to reach $ 49.6bn and expects to climb at a CAGR of 8.9% over the period 2008-2013, while the growth is slowly compared 2007. Console game dominates video game market as largest segment, however decreases from 54.1% in 2008 to 46.3% in 2013 by forecast. In 2008, the largest consuming market, EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa), occupies 35.3% of market share, which will reduce their market share in the total video gaming market by 2013. According to business insight forecast, Asia-Pacific will lead the video gaming market as the largest consumer. Nintendo, headquartered in Japan, is the largest video game publisher in the world. In the present, the majority of top 15 video game publisher exists in U.S. or Japan. There are three major players in console hardware market, Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft. Nintendo is the market leader in the console hardware field, with around 50% share in global video game market in 2009. PlayStation 3 (PS3) and Xbox owns similarly market share positioning at 2nd and 3rd respectively. Marco environment Macro environment is composed of broad environment factors which are considered the most general level environment. However, when many important changes take place in the environment, the organisation will be affected. PEST is illustrated to identify Nintendo future trends and determines the key drives of change. Porter five forces analysis is also used to understand how the competitive dynamics within and around the video game industry are changing from another point of view. PEST analysis PEST stands for the political and economic, social (including legal and cultural) and technological environment respectively. PEST analysis on video game industry is implemented on the followed context. Political Political environment consists of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individual. (Kotter, 2003, P174) There are many factors impact on video game industry, such as taxation policies, foreign trade regulations and social welfare policies. Due to video game play has associated as emotion of people which introverts some people to threat peace and law, therefore, government control the contents of video game with strong attitude. Another problem is copyright, which one of the recent products launched by company, Nintendo Wii, is in a controversy involving patent infringement. The company has been sued by Maryland-based Hillcrest Laboratories, which filed a case alleging a patent infringement against Nintendo. The lawsuit that is currently placed with the US International Trade Commission in Washington D.C. alleges the company of being guilty of infringement in four patents, particularly the technology used in handheld pointing device and also regarding the display interface system that manages graphic content. This allegation, if proved right, could cause the company to pay up heavily for the damages and could also result the company refraining to use the product further. The Wii console, launched in 2006, has been a huge hit and a judgement against the company could have a material impact on the company ( ). Economic During the global economical downturn, the video game industry still continues growing, driven by expansion of software sales and installed new generation of console hardware. Some places, U.S. and Japan, video game business contributes their GDP with huge dominated market. Nintendo distributes its product globally with overseas sales accounting for approximately 80% of total sales (annual report 2008). Therefore, interest rates have less influenced the video game business as they produce their own units. However, the video game business is depended on disposable income of customer. Nintendo grasps this opportunity with low manufacturing cost that increases sales volume towards normal price. The exchange rates is another majority condition to be considered that company holds a substantial amount of assets consisting on cash deposit denominated in foreign currencies without exchange contracts. When the exchange rate fluctuates, the company revaluated for earnings while foreign currencies are converted to Japanese yen. In other hands, Japanese yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar or Euro would have negative affect Nintendos profitability. Social The social factors impact on the video game industry from population demographics, income distribution, lifestyle changes, social mobility, attributes to work, level of education, consumerism, and consumer behaviour namely. Nintendo use the World of Nintendo showroom to attract and show interest to customers in order to affect customer through satisfaction their needs. Games also have magic to influence the culture of people, especially brings violent to children. These all elements will be exercised influence over the industry. Technological Focused on technological is giving Nintendo higher competitive advantage than normal video game console. The speed of technological innovation always restricts gaming industry developing. Nintendo has attributed the success of the Wii to idea of blue ocean strategy that reflects from price, movie playing, graphics, physics, fun, game library, and magic wand. Nintendo create new technologies both in game and console. For game, brain training of Nintendo DS Lite, and Wii sport brings new experience to players which they never played before. For console, it is the most distinguishing technology, Wii Remote, which contains motion sensing capability that allows the user to interact with and manipulate items on screen via gesture recognition and point through the use of accelerometer and optical sensor technology. At last, the online capability of Nintendo Wii is a major change in the technology of the video game industry. Micro environment In this part, porter five forces and SWOT analysis are illustrated to analyze micro environment. Porter five forces Michael Porter established five forces to identify the intrinsic long-run profit attractiveness of a market or market segment (Kotler, 2003) which base on analysis supplier, customer, substitute product and potential entrants. Porter five forces model is identified source of competition in video game industry to determine competitive advantage. Supplier The Power of Suppliers is very high as there are more suppliers available to a handful of companies in the video game industry. The suppliers are companies themselves that companies are developing their own video games. There are lots of products to innovate and develop may consist of CDs disk, hard disk, electronic components, softwares, game writers, packaging of the consoles, printing of manuals and additional features like graphics and so on for marking the game more acceptable and popular. Potential entrant Although Sony and Microsoft are strong competitors to Nintendo, industry rivalry exists in the strategic alliances, for instance straggling to control market. These huge players such as Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft, are already becoming tuff battle between companies to control market. This means that the threat of entrant into the industry can be ignored with existence of player during these big players. Customer The Power of Buyers in the video game industry is low as there are very few successful companies in the video game industry, therefore a small variety of video games available to the buyers. The individuals playing video games comprise an increasingly large and definition-defying group. According to the Entertainment Software Association, the average gamer is 35 years old and has been playing for 13 years. Today video players comes from different diverse segment of students, employees, military troops, seniors, mothers and fathers who have driven the evolution of games into new territory. When these first players grow up, their family will enjoy more fun during game with their children and parents. This is so called multiplying the pool of multi-generational gamers exponentially. As volume of player increasing, the market forces push the video game developed and bring new and diverse audience. Substitute product There are too many products, such as online game, PC game and mobile game; however, no product can replace console game. They have special fun during init, such as Wii Remote. Strengths Nintendo plays the important role of console hardware which is a market leader position. It means that the primary target is video game market instead of other product portfolios. This is considered to increase aggressiveness in bolstering sales through its existing formidable product line up. Nintendo also reduces the manufactory cost due to only focuses game function. As previously chapter, the console game depends on customer disposable income, which Nintendo low price strategy will reach an extensive number of loyal users transferring to customer expectation and demands into sales. Be worth mentioning, Wiis arsenal is totally different to its competitors, which innovates motion-sensitive controllers made for game. Weakness Nintendo is market leader in the moment, however still concentrates on remaining and expanding market share instead of developing new brand or games. Nintendo maintains profitability via extensive price competition. Designing new game requires large financial investment and research which cost numerous resources. That is why it depends on more existing brands rather new game. Nintendo abuses the strong censorship and restriction implement on new software game, which bound new game developer creative and innovation. For instance, Square Enix cooperates with Sony PlayStation for its Final Fantasy VI stand of Nintendo, owning to strictly censorship. Opportunities Online video game continuously grows and many of software sales also drive a growing base on console hardware and accessories. Nintendo also launch new product known as Touch generation DS, and Wii which expands new definition of video game industry. Specially, Wii promotes lots of fun via Wii Remote and accessories, conventional operation. Threats Development of hardware is complex and time consuming. With technology growing fast today, it is possible limitation factor if company may be unable to acquire necessary technology. It leads to delay hardware launched and lost market share. Cooperation with third party is also important element because third party manufactures key components and assemble final product. If some of these businesses are failed, Nintendo procures or manufactures its products difficultly. In addition, these elements, short of key components, quality of product and high base cost, causes margin decline and impairs the relationship between Nintendo and third party. Key issue Competitor analysis The major competitors of Nintendo are Sony and Microsoft. Microsofts Xbox 360 had been in market since November 2005 and Sonys next generation system, PlayStation 3, would to launch November 17, 2006. With a combined 93% existing market share, these industry behemoths shared a winning strategy: obsessing over the hardcore male gamer who invested tons of money and time into video gaming (Source: NPD, Sept. 2006). Sony: Sony has strong competitive advantage that Playstation 1 dominates 37% of the market and Playstation 2 (PS2) is even better, which only launch in the 4th quarter of 2000, shares 8% of the console market. Now, new generation product Playstation 3 (PS3) with improved technology controlled 21% market share for the latest generations of players in the U.S. in 2007. Sony still focuses 18-34 year old as target group, sophisticated video game consumers. Microsoft Xbox Live: Microsoft forays the console game industry that Xbox 360 has sold 2.4 million in UK by mid-2008 compared to around 2.3 million original Xbox console. Position somewhere between the hardcore players console that is the PS3 and the family-friendly Wii, the 360s main strength are its Xbox Live product and its exclusive games, such as Halo (Mintel). Xbox Live owns 12 million subscribers in worldwide, but less 3 million lives in Europe. Xbox is one of major online game provider. Market issue Global economical downturn influence too many areas, Japan, North American and Europe, which dominate Video gaming market. For example, Japans real GDP growth rate dropped from -0.7% in 2008 to -6.4% in 2009. Combination of unemployment and low wage of weight, customer purchases necessary goods instead of toy and video game. Wii launches into market until now to prove two strategies correct, which is low price of console and focuses family game. According to SWOT analysis, Wii markets issue is sub-standard software which means censorship. Fish Games CEO believes the Wii markets issue that have partly been the result of poor quality games that flooded the market, leaving consumers who had bad experience to spend money only on the key franchises. Nintendo relies on third party software developer and publisher, however the strictly censorship system leads to too many valuable and interesting game miscarried. Final Fantasy VI is good example of Nintendo censorship. It directly leads to limitation of game and loss aggressive to its competitors. As we known, the majority of players are made by male that are unable to accept childish and changeless game. They prefer more exciting game, such as activity game rather than Cook Mama female game. Nintendo attempts to create new market, home video game, overseas and expand the range of its product in the toy sector. In response this objective, the company is developing new characters other than Ben 10 and collaborating with overseas TV networks on their respective promotions (business inslight). Recommendation Nintendo should not only focus market share, but also develops variety of game to increase aggressive. Only depending on low price cannot win customer loyalty. PS3 and Xbox owns over 200 titles games attractive customers mind, whereas Nintendo Wii is only famous as Wii sport. Although there are a serve of sport games, customer do not satisfy monotonous games. They demand the more exciting, interesting and variable game. Nintendo works as global company, which do not only sale its products in several specific county or area. The company should develop more region as its market, such as China and Indian. Until now, there is no product sale in China, which loss lots of opportunity and margin as well. References Dibb, K. P. (1991). Marketing..Concept and Strategies European Edition. Houghton Mifflin. Doyle, P. (2002). Marketing Management and Strategy. Prentice Hall. Gerry Johnson, K. S. (2008 1st impression). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Pearsons education. Pettitt, F. B. (2000). Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall (2nd edition). Philip Kotler, K. L. (2009). Marketing Management A South Asia Parspective. Pearson (Prentice Hall,13th edition). Raaij, G. A. (1998). Consumer Behaviour a European Perspective. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Scholes, G. J. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Prentice Hall. Barmazel S., (1993). Video Games: Asians in Canada say they Promote Hatered. Far Eastern Economic Review. Sept 3 p. 37. Cooper, Joel, Mackie, Diane. (1986) Video Games and Aggression in Children. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. v 16, n 8, 726-744. Crawford, Chris. (1984) The Art of Computer Game Design. California: Osborne/McGraw-Hill. Dietz, Tracy L. (1998) An examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior. Sex Roles. v 38, n 5/6, 425-443. Emes, Craig E. Is Mr. (1997) Pac Man Eating Our Children? Candadian Journal of Psychiatry. v 42, 409-414. Funk, J.B. and Buchman, D.D. (1996). Playing Violent Video and Computer Games and Adolescent Self-Concept. Journal of Communication. V 26 n 2, 19-32. Jackson, D.S., (1999) A Room Full of Doom. Time. V24 n 20, 37. Loftus, Elizabeth and Geoffrey. (1983) Mind at Play. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers. Provenzo, Eugene F. Jr. (1991) Video Kids: Making Sense of Nintento. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Quittner, J., (1999). Are Video Games Really so Bad? Time. v 153 n 18, 30-34. Ward Gailey, Christine. (1993) Mediated Messages: Gender, Class, and Cosmos in Home Video Games. Journal of popular culture. v 27, n 1, 81-97. Web references The Video Gaming Market Outlook: Evolving business models, key players, new challenges and the future outlook (2009) Business Insights http://blog.royaltyuniverse.com www.money.cnn.com www.Nintendo System History.com www.revolutionportal.com www.businessweek.com www.gamespot.com www.mevuk.com www.ninetendowiifanboy.com www.nwiizone.com www.rpsite.net www.theesa.com/gamesindailylife/health.asp www.wii.com www.wiisworld.com

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay -- Social Responsibility Essays

Contemporary business is one of the most important factors to promote social development and six elements have significant influence on it. They are corporate social responsibility, technological paradigm shifts, financial market, legislation, environment issues and business ethics. Corporate social responsibility is called CSR for short. The definition of CSR is companies should be responsible for suppliers, costumers, environment and community besides earn profit and responsible for their shareholders. The core of CSR is protecting their employees, including not discrimination, respect different culture. Technological paradigm shifts reflect social development. There are three industrial revolutions in history. Each of them bring science and technology progress rapidly and that has given a powerful propel to the productive force of the world and business, economic and social development of humanity. Comprehensive financial market systems consist of securities market, discount marke t; insurance market a foreign exchange market, finance and business are independent and mutually primitive. Government makes legislation in order to ensure the interests of citizens are protected. Legislation related many filed such as business, environment, and public services. Environment issues are big problems for modern society. Environment involves many fields, for instance business. Most companies pay much attention on business ethics. Because good business ethics is the basis of cooperation .If companies lost business ethics that means they lost company loyalty. As people all know if companies cannot manage their business with integrity or treat their clients and vendors without respect, they won’t earn partners trust and establish unbreakable ... ...distillation, desalination and ultraviolet disinfection [10]. And Reengineering solutions to global warming are receiving ever more attention, and for good reason. Science reported that top U.S. climate scientists gathered at Harvard this month to explore ways reengineering might lower the global temperature. Mimicking the natural cooling effects of volcanic eruptions by releasing massive amounts of sulfur into the atmosphere is one idea. Another is to increase the planet's reflectivity by spraying seawater on ocean clouds or floating shiny Mylar balloons into low-Earth orbit [11]. At present environmental issues are regarded by all the countries and it is a subject very worthy to be studied. People try their best to find the best way to solve these issues. That is not only benefit for nature, but also good for sustained development of human society. ..

Police Officer Essay

It is always quite frustrating whenever things don’t go as you had planned it. You plan things thoroughly expecting those things to happen exactly how you want them to be, but still certain unexpected occurrences keep coming up ruining everything you had planned. It might be a little bit more comforting if you know that it was your own fault that caused your plans to not go as you had wanted it. However, when it is something you totally did not expect; something completely out of your control; something which was not your fault at all; that is the annoying part. What is more irritating is that you end up having no choice but to live with what has already happened and ending up fixing the damages or compromising yourself to the damages that that unexpected occurrence has done to your plans. In my case for example, I’ve always wanted to be a police. Ever since high school, I’ve dreamt of getting into the police academy. My family may have influenced this dream of mine as I was growing up. Most of my family members worked in the police department. It was my father and my eldest brother who were the first to be a part of the police. Currently, there are four people in the family who are working in the police. My brother before me, the one who I m closest to, is currently training at the police academy. My initial plan was to get into the academy as soon as I finish my schooling from back home. Things changed when I got into an accident last summer and injured my plane. With this injury, I could no longer get into the academy; I was deeply disappointed. My plans for my future had been ruined; however, hope was not completely lost for me. My eldest brother found a way of getting into the police department by studying finance and accounting. The academy doesn’t only need physically strong people; they also need people with brains who specialize in certain fields. My plans have now changed; I am now studying for a degree in business. I will finish that and then find a way of getting into the police academy with the help of that degree. Things do not always go the way we want it to be. Expect to always have unexpected things coming up. The best thing we could do when something unexpected comes up is to not give up even if tit ruins out original plan. Think of other ways, other alternatives, of coping up with that unexpected change so as to get back on track with our original plan.

History of Education Essay

?1. What is empowerment? To give permission or power to do something; in simple words it means to give the confidence to do something Increasing the political, spiritual or economic capacity of individuals in a society 2. Education plays a very important part in improving individual’s well-being and society’s economic and social development 3. It is very important today that both men and women should be educated if we want our society and economy to be prosperous 4. Why is empowering girls through education very important in contemporary Islamic society? Educating girls brings many benefits to society. As educated mother gives importance to education and they invest more in their children’s schooling and this improves society’s development prospect. They strongly believe and practice family planning. They give equal importance to education, health and increase the productivity of future generation. And if they are not educated then the productivity and capacity of future generation will be low. 5. What are some of the benefits of empowering women through education? As female education rises, fertility, population growth, and infant and child mortality fall and family health improves. Increases in girls’ secondary school enrollment are associated with increases in women’s participation in the labor force and their contributions to household and national income. Women’s increased earning capacity, in turn, has a positive effect on child nutrition. Children — especially daughters — of educated mothers are more likely to be enrolled in school and to have higher levels of educational attainment. Educated women are more politically active and better informed about their legal rights and how to exercise them. Thus women’s education should be taken as a serious issue and steps should be taken to bring awareness about importance of education among every woman both in urban and rural area. This way many of the social problems like poverty, begging, child labor, child marriage and child mortality will be controlled up to some extent. 6. Negative attitudes of parents toward educating daughters can also be one of the biggest barriers to a girl’s education. Many parents think educating sons is an investment because the sons will be responsible for caring for aging parents. On the other hand, parents may see the education of daughters a waste of money because the girls are not expected to make economical contribution in the family. They are expected to take care of family and carry out household chores. Promoting girls education therefore involves changing attitude across society merely spending money on girls education will not solve this problem. The attitude can be changed when the gender gap is reduced and when the society is aware that educating women will bring about better consequences. Seminars can be arranged where importance of women empowerment is laid. Other important things that would help in making girl’s empowerment through education a success is the availability of financial resources. One of the biggest barrier to education is poverty there it is very important that such people who cannot afford sending their daughters to school, for them school fee should be abolished. 7. What are some of the challenges of empowering women? Gender gaps in parts of various regions are one of the biggest challenges. It is still thought that educating sons is more important as compared to daughters Many parents are not comfortable in sending their daughters to school It is just not enough to make education available more important is that it should be of good quality. Schools should have well qualified teachers. 8. Both governments and non-government organizations should come forward in empowering women through education. Government and private organizations need to make an extra effort to ensure that education is more accessible to low-income families and rural populations, with special attention to the quality of the education provided and the need for girls to complete school. Richer countries should help and support the not so poor countries by making educational investments by building up private schools and encouraging women education. Investing in female education will accelerate the economic and social development by enhancing human capital, slowing population growth, and alleviating poverty.

Free Essays on Creationism Vs. Science

and extravagant language. While he continuously writes about the fact that people misunderstand that science is not a monolithic being, he speaks in a high handed way that does not lend it’s self to forwarding his cause. Though he speaks of trying to educate the masses about the sciences he treats his readers as if they were philistines. While the American people may or may not have a tendency to portray themselves as such, Dr. Eldredge has the responsibility as the author to include them. While I agree with Dr. Eldredge on his basic principles I feel that he goes about explaining these beliefs in an almost violent way. It seems that his essay was written either while he was under great stress or after freshly being attacked by someone who did not believe the same as he did. I feel that he assumes that people are set in their beliefs about this issue. I also feel as if he is not so much trying to persuade people to hear out his side as he is to provoke those who believe the same as he does. This is a rather delicate issue with many intricacies of social and political consequences. â€Å"Creationism Isn’t Science† is well written in a technical sense. Dr Eldredge has a propensity for curt word, but well written ones. When looking at this paper as a persuasive piece, however, I must say that Eldredge has failed as completely as is humanly possible. He not only manages to alienate people by the score, but to make them feel resentful at the same time. Reading some sections I can hardly believe that he pushed this essay past publishers without thinking it through. Take for instance this passage â€Å"Creationists disdain this quest, preferrin... Free Essays on Creationism Vs. Science Free Essays on Creationism Vs. Science Creationism Isn’t Science Starting with the first paragraph of his essay, Dr. Niles Eldredge is both pessimistic and acerbic. Throughout his paper he interjects small yet biting phrases. Consequently his paper is not only unattractive; it is slightly childish for all the big words and extravagant language. While he continuously writes about the fact that people misunderstand that science is not a monolithic being, he speaks in a high handed way that does not lend it’s self to forwarding his cause. Though he speaks of trying to educate the masses about the sciences he treats his readers as if they were philistines. While the American people may or may not have a tendency to portray themselves as such, Dr. Eldredge has the responsibility as the author to include them. While I agree with Dr. Eldredge on his basic principles I feel that he goes about explaining these beliefs in an almost violent way. It seems that his essay was written either while he was under great stress or after freshly being attacked by someone who did not believe the same as he did. I feel that he assumes that people are set in their beliefs about this issue. I also feel as if he is not so much trying to persuade people to hear out his side as he is to provoke those who believe the same as he does. This is a rather delicate issue with many intricacies of social and political consequences. â€Å"Creationism Isn’t Science† is well written in a technical sense. Dr Eldredge has a propensity for curt word, but well written ones. When looking at this paper as a persuasive piece, however, I must say that Eldredge has failed as completely as is humanly possible. He not only manages to alienate people by the score, but to make them feel resentful at the same time. Reading some sections I can hardly believe that he pushed this essay past publishers without thinking it through. Take for instance this passage â€Å"Creationists disdain this quest, preferrin...

voucher system essays

voucher system essays The voucher system, first introduced by Milton Friedman in 1960, is an example of capitalistic idealism: the state has a responsibility to provide solid education, it philosophizes, but not to monopolize the institution. The system suggests an end to public schooling with no deduction in tax dollars for educational purposes; instead, the cost of an average students education will be calculated and a voucher redeemable for private schooling in that amount provided for the parents of school age children. This system, however justifiable to some, would be a counterproductive amendment to one of Americas oldest and most prided institutions: an amendment that would serve only to enable mulit based segregation and would disable our children to be effective citizens. If the voucher system passed legislation, all current public schools would presumably break into smaller private schools or would privatize as they are. These smaller schools would specialize in subject/career areas, such as architectural schools, chemistry schools, accounting schools, etc. While all traditional academic classes would be covered, the classes would present them with a focus on how they relate to the subject of the school. Many people in favor of the voucher system argue that in this way, students and parents are more determinant of their own curriculum, and with more power over individual education, student motivation for success in school would skyrocket. However, this is not necessarily the case. A good public school offers a variety of classes that pertain to individual interests, offering plenty of options to students. Motivational success is achieved through a supportive network of parents, teachers and friends not through selective, unsupportive schoolin g. Accepting the voucher system would be to accept school and job segregation. Because private sc ...

British Airways Essay Example for Free

British Airways Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA In 1987, British Airways was privatised, and over the next decade turned from a loss-making nationalised company into â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline† – a market-leading and very profitable plc. The strategy that transformed the company into a marketing-led and efficient operation was conceived and implemented by Lord King as Chairman, aided by Sir Colin (subsequently Lord) Marshall: two tough businessmen who confronted staff inefficiencies and so improved service effectiveness that BA was rated international business travellers’ favourite airline for several years in the 1990’s. Lord King having retired, Lord Marshall became Chairman and was succeeded as Chief Executive by Bob Ayling, a long-time BA manager. Ayling set in train a strategy to turn BA into a â€Å"global† airline – transcending the â€Å"flag-carrier† status (the role of a nation’s leading airline) it shared with Air France, Lufthansa, Swissair, Alitalia, Iberia – into an airline with no â€Å"national home† operating throughout the world. The dropping of the overtly â€Å"British† heritage and associations was reflected in a changed brand strategy. Away went aeroplane liveries featuring the Union flag, to be replaced by tailfins bearing themed designs from around the world. This was to address the â€Å"global traveller† a savvy (mainly business) customer whose criteria for purchase were service levels, range of destinations, promptness – not price. But the re-branding became a debacle. Customers, staff, alliance partners, shareholders and retailers (travel agents) all liked the British heritage and imagery and rebelled against the turn to an anonymous, characterless new style. Ayling also focused on cost-reduction programmes which antagonised and demotivated BA’s staff – and customers noticed the deterioration in behaviour of staff whose commitment to customer service suddenly plummeted. The upshot was that Ayling was ousted in a boardroom coup in March 2000. During his reign, a loss of 244m in the year to March 31 2000 – the first since privatisation – was recorded and the group’s market value had fallen  by half. In May 2000, Rod Eddington joined BA as Chief Executive. He was previously Managing Directory of Cathay Pacific and Executive Chairman of Ansett, an Australian airline. Eddington’s immediate actions were designed to restore profitability to BA’s operations – and to restore the Union Flag to BA’s planes! He set about reducing the fleet, moving to smaller aircraft, cutting clearly unprofitable routes. He also targeted â€Å"high-yield† customers, the traditional mainstay segment for BA. Matching supply with demand was the overall concern, to restore positive cash flow. Strategically, BA’s longtime search for a merger partner was resumed. A link with American Airlines, the first choice partner, was out of the question after US regulatory authorities squashed the idea. A proposed merger with KLM, the Dutch flag carrier, was discussed in some depth, but that foundered on doubts over the long-term financial benefits, and arguments over the relative shares each airline would have in the merged company. Meanwhile, the airline industry was undergoing a seismic shift with the rise of low-cost â€Å"no frills† airlines. Ryanair and easyJet had, at first, demonstrated the existence of a new market for cheap airline travel which had not been tapped by traditional airlines. But then they began to expand and to compete for passengers that normally would have gone to BA – even business class customers couldn’t see the reason â€Å"to pay  £100 for breakfast† (the difference in price between BA and easyJet between London and Edinburgh.) BA’s response (under Bob Ayling) was to form GO as a direct response to the no-frills competitor. Operating out of Stansted airport, GO was operated entirely separately from BA, so none of the high-cost culture was inherited. Launched in the face of vociferous opposition from easyJet, GO nevertheless established itself in the market – though at what cost, no-one could guess. Rod Eddington soon decided that his focus on premium customers made GO’s operations inconsistent with that of BA as a whole. GO was sold in May 2001 for  £100m to 3i, a UK venture capital and private equity group. GO was subsequently sold on to easy Jet for 375m. However, the driving of aggressive strategies from budget airlines is still forcing flag-carriers to re-assess their business models. For the year ended March 2001, Eddington’s steps had yielded a quadrupling of operating profits. Market share on key routes had been lost as cuts in fleet and routes bit, but BA believed it had lost customers who paid deeply-discounted fares. BA continued its vigorous pursuit of high-yield passengers. So, all seemed to be going well. The brand was being restored, financial performance was improving and the only real problem was lack of progress on forming a partnership with a US carrier, prevented by the regulators. Then came September 11th, and the airline market fell apart. The consequences were swift – passenger numbers fell 28%, US airports were closed for a week, Swissair, Sabena, US Airlines and nearly, Aer Lingus, went bust. Alitalia lost 570m, Lufthansa 400m. Altogether the industry lost 7bn and shed 120,000 jobs – 13,000 at BA – and passenger numbers are still running at 13% below normal on transatlantic routes. In contrast, passenger numbers and financial results at low-cost carriers – easyJet and Ryanair – were rising impressively. Then came Sars, the Iraq war and the continuing sluggishness of the world economy, all deeply damaging to passenger numbers. Strategy at BA was thrown into disarray. With the travel market is still subject to â€Å"global economic and political uncertainty†, BA has repeated its forecasts for lower revenues. However, the â€Å"fundamentals of this business are stronger than they have been for four or five years† John Rishton, Finance Director, says BA is generating cash, and is conserving that cash. (FT and D.Tel. 6.11.02). The operational imperatives to cope with the turbulent environment are expressed in BA’s â€Å"Future Size and Shape† initiative which is intended to: – Achieve significant cost reductions. Originally targeted at 650m, the cost savings are now expected to save an annualised  £1.1bn over 3 years (FT 19.3.03). Simplified operations and minimal overheads is the aim. – Cut capacity, to match supply of aircraft and flights to the reduced demand. – Cut staffing levels. A further 3,000 job cuts planned for March 2004 have been brought forward to September 2003. – Change BA’s business model. Aware that no-frills competition is not going to go away, but that BA possesses a positive service heritage, BA wants to create an offering that combines the best bits of BA and the no-frills model. Martin George, BA’s director of marketing and commercial development, explains â€Å"our customers like the BA product – convenient airports, high frequency, good level of service – but want it at the right price, and that’s what we’ll give them. It’s about changing our business model to allow us to compete profitably† (Management Today, September 2000). – Rationalise BA’s internal UK and short-haul business – CitiExpress has been formed from the activities of subsidiaries Brymon, BRAL, Manx and BA Regional. To stem heavy losses on this short-haul network, some rationalisation has been done – it has pulled out of Cardiff and Leeds-Bradford airports, and will cut its current fleet from 82 to 50 all-jet planes by end-2005. However, it is expanding operations from Manchester, and from London City airport to Paris and Frankfurt. (FT 18.12.02). It is recognised that BA started to take the bitter medicine of cost cuts and restructuring earlier and in bigger doses than rivals in Europe and North America, and that Rod Eddington has pushed through changes that were long overdue. But is this enough? – can BA wrest back the short haul market from easyJet and Ryanair, while maintaining its position in the longhaul market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In July 2003, just at the start of the busy holiday season, BA was hit by an unofficial strike by Heathrow check-in and sales staff who were objecting to a hasty introduction of a swipe-card automatic clocking system. 500 flights were cancelled, affecting 100,000 passengers. The damage to BA’s service reputation was enormous. Both management and union leaders were taken by surprise, and it brought to a head the existence of restrictive practices going back 40 or 50 years which both sides have to confront. Results for the year ending 31st March 2003 showed a pretax profit of 135 on turnover down 7.8% to  £7.69bn, up from a loss of 335 in the year to March 2002. The results included a charge of 84m for the planned ending of Concorde flights in October, and a fourth-quarter loss (January to March) of 200m. These positive results were entirely down to cost reduction. No  dividend was paid – a consequence of the need to conserve cash. Operating margin at 3.8% is way below Eddington’s target of 10%. (D.Tel, 20.5.03, FT, 21.5.03). In the first quarter of the 2003-04 year, a pretax loss of  £45m was incurred – the effect of the Heathrow strike was put at 30-40m. However, Rod Eddington sees the furure business environment as very hard to read, but expects it to get tougher. 2003-04 was meant, according to analysts, to be BA’s year of recovery, but it is not now expected to happen. (DTel, 11.2.03) A critical development is the start of talks between the EU and the USA to dismantle the web of regulations that have controlled the development of international aviation since the mid-1940’s. Eddington, as chairman of the Association of European Airlines, insists that truly global airlines are impossible in the current regulatory environment. â€Å"If it were left to the market, international airlines would undoubtedly follow in the footsteps of other industries and would seek the benefits of scale and scope that are currently denied them. A truly global airline†¦..would be free to operate wherever its customers demanded, free to grow organically or through acquisition and free to charge whatever the market would bear.† These talks are likely to be very long. However, it potentially offers the opportunity for an opening of the two biggest airline markets and lead to substantial consolidation of participants. (FT, 29.9.03). The takeover of KLM, the Dutch flag carrier, by Air France, may be the precursor to the consolidation expected. BA sees no threat from what is now Europe’s largest airline. D.Tel, 1.01.03). British Airways. (2016, Jul 21).

Argumentative Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Argumentative - Research Paper Example dy is to describe the impact of societal issues that may affect children and their up brining; there are many researchers who wrote a lot regarding the impact of social set up on children. The use of drugs in teenagers have been rising in todays civilization, and the majority of drug users start to take drugs in their preteen or teenage time as in that moment in time, the young people have to face a tough time to discover themselves. One of the most significant aspects that cause teenagers to use drugs is because of their family. As everybody knows, parents are the foremost teachers for their children, so the families educations are very important. The parents act as an active teacher and model of such patterns. Unfortunately, a number of parents sometimes use some drugs such as cigarettes and alcohol, which are very popular substances, when their children are at front of them. When their kids saw their parents to use those kinds of substances, they might think that it does not matter to use cigarettes and alcohol because their parents also use them. Therefore, they would imitate their parents and try them. In the same manner, the parents pressure and family problem also can cause a teenager to use drugs. Sometimes, the parents give their children too much stress such as getting high marks in school, and think that their children are the perfect, so when the children cannot receive those stress any more, they would like to escape from it. In todays high school the availability and variety of drugs is very widespread. Since drugs are easy to get, the people naturally interest in them may build up quickly. You ought to hear that a person to say his experience reaction on drug usage, such as, "hey, this made me so cool, and I was a stoned and big man". Therefore, his response about using drugs may increase your curiosity about using drugs. The teenagers use drugs not only caused by their families, but social factors also are the most important elements to influent

Write an essay in which you explain J.K.Rowlins position on monsters

Write an in which you explain J.K.Rowlins position on monsters - Essay Example Hermione Granger, Ron Weasley, Luna Lovegood are all heroes in Potterverse. They are the people who helped Harry to fight against evil powers. The heroes are the ones who can favor goodness and led a helping hand to people in extra – ordinary situations. I think for JK Rowling monsters represents the horrendous power of evilness in nature which is not easy to overcome.( Thesis) Potterverse is the magical fantasy adventure of JK Rowling where her heroes and monsters fight with each other. The monsters of potterverse are a threat to the wizards of the fantasy stories and have supernatural powers. The Hero Harry potter being a wizard fights for goodness and confronts monsters of horrific nature. In the potterverse, the heroes and monsters possess superficial powers, however their nature is opposite. The dark lord like Lord Voldemort is lord of death and attempts to murder Harry having killed his parents. He is the monster with evil wizard powers and utilizes it for the destruction of goodness. So in potterverse monsters resemble evilness and heroes are keepers of goodness. The Lord Voldemort, Severus Snape, Draco Malfoy all represent the monsters of the potterverse. They have a vicious character and wants to destroy harry potter and people surrounding him. Lord Voldemort being the main monster in the series is an evil doer and is a dark wizard. He wants to take over the wizard world and wants to kill harry as he possess wizard powers. Severus Snape is a potion teacher and is a double agent who was abusive and unfair. He had exceptional skills with potion making and had vast magical abilities. Draco Malfoy is another major antagonist in the novel, who is self centered, bully and death eater. The classic hero of the potterverse is Harry Potter who is a wizard and is fighter of evil. He is courageous, intelligent and works for social justice. The heroes in the pottervese fight against racism and for social justice against

Effects of re-education on poor hand washing Essay

Effects of re-education on poor hand washing - Essay Example methods have been initiated to enlist the input of the healthcare providers in hospital setting and home-based care by family members of the patient. Awareness creation through education remains a critical approach in dealing with this problem as the observed trend has been found to be attributed to inadequate information on procedure and significance of the exercise. Although the healthcare facilities management knows that hand hygiene is instrumental in reducing hospital related infection, there has been limited education campaign pointed towards the nurses and patient’s relatives. It is therefore important to note that re-education remains the appropriate measure in improving on the incidences of hospital acquired infections (Filetoth, 2002). Hand hygiene re-education should be conducted by encouraging hand washing by health care workers before seeing patients, after contact with bodily fluids, before invasive procedures, and after removing gloves. The increasing incidence of hospital acquired infection has raised concerns and requires more attention through education on hand hygiene. Although the information is available in hospitals, there has been significant ignorance and negligence by the nurses towards proper hand hygiene as a mitigation measure. It is therefore critical to underline the need to develop a sound education program to improve quantity and quality (completeness of hand rubbing and drying time) of hand hygiene. Exhaustive analysis of the findings on the efforts towards hand hygiene forms the basis of ascertaining the impact of education on cases of hospital acquired infections. The aim of the hand hygiene solution through washing is to emphasize building or strengthening capacity so that hand hygiene improvement is seen as and becomes an integrated component of a broader Hospital Acquired Infection prevention strategy. Poor hand washing is responsible for complex patient condition as it is not accounted for during diagnosis as it

Coal chemical looping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Coal chemical looping - Research Paper Example As it has been reported that the global demand for energy is likely to be fulfilled by the exploitation and utilization of fossil fuels in decades to come, the need for developing effective systems for the capture and storage of CO2 has become indispensible (Yue 2010). While, the significance of this observation is undeniable the present systems and frameworks which are utilized extensively in the industry are inadequate and do not support the advancement of certain aims and objectives that are associated with the development of suitable technologies. As noted by Yue (2010), present solutions for solving the issue are marked by the absence of cost-efficiency, capture efficiency and conversion efficiency which is an alarming scenario for both researchers and analysts alike. This observation proposes that the technology of chemical looping combustion (CLC) and its related processes have emerged as an innovation which presents numerous prospects and opportunities for the development of energy and power-related technologies by minimizing the risks, limitations and drawbacks that are associated with the solutions that are currently and presently available within the industry. Numerous studies and researches have established that the CLC technology boosts of impressive efficiency rates for the purpose of producing electricity and hydrogen in scenarios where the system of gasification is associated and integrated within the chemical looping technology (Yue 2010). Since the inception of the innovation, empirical studies have also been able to establish the types of suitable components that should be installed within an effective CLC system to maximize desired outcomes. This aspect involves the selection of solid fuels that can be used in chemical looping in addition with the oxygen carriers which have the potential to enhance the oxidation process. Even though, these observations have revealed the possibility of utilizing an extensive range of carbonaceous fuels and ca rriers, the scope of this paper focuses on the process of coal chemical looping such as the coal-direct looping process and the process of syngas chemical looping. Furthermore, the paper also explores the practical applications of chemical looping combustion in organizations such as General Electric and Alstom. In conclusion the research examines the advantages, challenges and limitations that are associated with the process of coal chemical looping in the light of recent researches and studies. The application of chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes is a revolutionary advancement and innovation in the industry, as stated by Yue (2010): Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a new alternative to conventional combustion that prevents the CO2 from being mixed in the combustion gases. This is accomplished by preventing the air-N2 to be present in the part of the reactor system where the oxidation of the fuel takes place. (p. 527) The introduction and subsequent incorporation of ch emical looping techniques and strategies was impelled by the absence of frameworks that could be applied for the separation and conversion of chemicals during the occurrence of various product-related procedures (Fan 2011). While, this observation is reflective of the traditional demands and needs which initially required the launch of chemical looping techniques, contemporary applications of chemical looping essentially aim to fulfill the need of establishing a modern, optimized and effective

A narrative account of a multilingual informant Essay

A narrative account of a multilingual informant - Essay Example Thus, this essay aims to utilize both primary and secondary sources and also online information to delineate comparisons, inconsistencies, gaps and flaws that are linked with blended communities. To begin the multilingual informant is known as Chinedu. He is multilingual speaker who practices at least three distinct languages within her community which is Igbo, Swahili and Pidgin. Beardsmore (2008) asserts that multilingual speaker communicate in divergent languages in their daily lives whether it’s in relation to their profession, education, family et cetera. This is because there is a special function of language they utilize, such as at home the distinct language mother tongue is most commonly used to communicate with their family, while if it concerns communication outside family life, especially at workplace they will speak in standard English as it is an official language used for internal an office administration. Chinedu was sent to Britain right after he graduated fro m college. But before he first came to Britain at that time, he had studied English for more than three, and yet he could not speak English at all. In order for him to speak English better, he was extremely fascinated about moving to the United Kingdom. He expected his teacher would teach him English so that he could how speak English. Although he never enjoyed English learning in Nigeria, he always adored his English teacher who had a lot of knowledge of English grammar and sentence structures that assisted him learn English. They taught him their secret skills in memorizing vocabularies is a systematic way, and they taught him how to asses sentences to right answers on a test without comprehending the meaning of the texts. There are many diverse multiplicities of diversity in the UK and Britain is now viewed as a multilingual community. A lot of individuals have come to this place for many sophisticated reason ranging from seeking asylum, employment chances, and education to suppo rt a better way of living. For that reason migration is transforming the linguistic landscape of Britain. The increase in immigrants coming from South Asian, Afro Caribbean and also Commonwealth countries has had a huge effect on what British speak, with languages from those areas seeing sharp increase in usage (Edwards, 2004). Most of the members of the communities are former British colonies. Those immigrants have immigrated to Britain and have created communities with other members with similar interests in connection to culture, religion and customs to fit and to have a sense of belonging. The community that Chinedu found himself in is a community which was created by individuals who migrated in search of better education or employment opportunities. Diasporas is seen as a community of individuals who are bound by some shared history, race or religion. Diaspora brings together communities which are not rather nation, not really religion, not really homesickness, yet they still h ave something to do with nation, religion, longings for homes which might not even exist. These are collectivities and communities which go beyond geological spaces and historical experiences. There are huge numbers of individuals who exist in one place and yet they feel closely related to each other. Thereby, there a lot of ways in which communities are created and this might be through language, music, culinary tastes, religion and so on (Lueng et al., 1997). Chinedu

Effects of re-education on poor hand washing Essay

Effects of re-education on poor hand washing - Essay Example methods have been initiated to enlist the input of the healthcare providers in hospital setting and home-based care by family members of the patient. Awareness creation through education remains a critical approach in dealing with this problem as the observed trend has been found to be attributed to inadequate information on procedure and significance of the exercise. Although the healthcare facilities management knows that hand hygiene is instrumental in reducing hospital related infection, there has been limited education campaign pointed towards the nurses and patient’s relatives. It is therefore important to note that re-education remains the appropriate measure in improving on the incidences of hospital acquired infections (Filetoth, 2002). Hand hygiene re-education should be conducted by encouraging hand washing by health care workers before seeing patients, after contact with bodily fluids, before invasive procedures, and after removing gloves. The increasing incidence of hospital acquired infection has raised concerns and requires more attention through education on hand hygiene. Although the information is available in hospitals, there has been significant ignorance and negligence by the nurses towards proper hand hygiene as a mitigation measure. It is therefore critical to underline the need to develop a sound education program to improve quantity and quality (completeness of hand rubbing and drying time) of hand hygiene. Exhaustive analysis of the findings on the efforts towards hand hygiene forms the basis of ascertaining the impact of education on cases of hospital acquired infections. The aim of the hand hygiene solution through washing is to emphasize building or strengthening capacity so that hand hygiene improvement is seen as and becomes an integrated component of a broader Hospital Acquired Infection prevention strategy. Poor hand washing is responsible for complex patient condition as it is not accounted for during diagnosis as it

A narrative account of a multilingual informant Essay

A narrative account of a multilingual informant - Essay Example Thus, this essay aims to utilize both primary and secondary sources and also online information to delineate comparisons, inconsistencies, gaps and flaws that are linked with blended communities. To begin the multilingual informant is known as Chinedu. He is multilingual speaker who practices at least three distinct languages within her community which is Igbo, Swahili and Pidgin. Beardsmore (2008) asserts that multilingual speaker communicate in divergent languages in their daily lives whether it’s in relation to their profession, education, family et cetera. This is because there is a special function of language they utilize, such as at home the distinct language mother tongue is most commonly used to communicate with their family, while if it concerns communication outside family life, especially at workplace they will speak in standard English as it is an official language used for internal an office administration. Chinedu was sent to Britain right after he graduated fro m college. But before he first came to Britain at that time, he had studied English for more than three, and yet he could not speak English at all. In order for him to speak English better, he was extremely fascinated about moving to the United Kingdom. He expected his teacher would teach him English so that he could how speak English. Although he never enjoyed English learning in Nigeria, he always adored his English teacher who had a lot of knowledge of English grammar and sentence structures that assisted him learn English. They taught him their secret skills in memorizing vocabularies is a systematic way, and they taught him how to asses sentences to right answers on a test without comprehending the meaning of the texts. There are many diverse multiplicities of diversity in the UK and Britain is now viewed as a multilingual community. A lot of individuals have come to this place for many sophisticated reason ranging from seeking asylum, employment chances, and education to suppo rt a better way of living. For that reason migration is transforming the linguistic landscape of Britain. The increase in immigrants coming from South Asian, Afro Caribbean and also Commonwealth countries has had a huge effect on what British speak, with languages from those areas seeing sharp increase in usage (Edwards, 2004). Most of the members of the communities are former British colonies. Those immigrants have immigrated to Britain and have created communities with other members with similar interests in connection to culture, religion and customs to fit and to have a sense of belonging. The community that Chinedu found himself in is a community which was created by individuals who migrated in search of better education or employment opportunities. Diasporas is seen as a community of individuals who are bound by some shared history, race or religion. Diaspora brings together communities which are not rather nation, not really religion, not really homesickness, yet they still h ave something to do with nation, religion, longings for homes which might not even exist. These are collectivities and communities which go beyond geological spaces and historical experiences. There are huge numbers of individuals who exist in one place and yet they feel closely related to each other. Thereby, there a lot of ways in which communities are created and this might be through language, music, culinary tastes, religion and so on (Lueng et al., 1997). Chinedu

Egyptian Style Essay Example for Free

Egyptian Style Essay â€Å"Egypt has long fascinated the west. † This couldn’t be more true. Egyptian art can be said to be one of the most significant periods in art history. Their modern advances in such a far time ago were made unknowingly and helped shape art to what it is today. By just looking at it, Egyptian art may not come off as amazing as it actually is. One must dig deeper. The artwork they were creating wasn’t always made to be art. Instead, it was mainly made for religious purposes. Anything they created was being made to be symbolic in a religious view. They decorated their temples with paintings and statues in the belief that doing this served the gods, showed devotion to the king, and maintained the order of the universe. There was much more involved in the artwork, or craftwork of the Ancient Egyptians. They created their own style that everyone followed, and it reoccured through many periods of Egyptian history. Styles can range from abstract to realism, expressionism to surrealism. But in order to understand these styles, one must need to know the true definition of style. When used in describing the history of art, style usually refers to a characteristic, or a number of characteristics that we can identify as constant, recurring, or distinct. In art, the sum of such characteristics can be associated with a particular artist, group, or culture, or with an artist’s work at a specific time. Ancient Egyptian art forms styles were just that. They are characterized by regularity or consistency and detailed depiction of human beings and the nature. Artists wanted to preserve everything of the present time as clearly and permanently as possible. Completeness took precedence over prettiness. These forms and art styles present an extraordinarily vivid representation of the time and the culture, as the ancient Egyptian life was lived thousand of years before. Egyptian art seemed to obey one law. The mode of representing man, nature and the environment remained almost the same for thousands of years at that time, and the most admired artists were those who replicated most admired styles of the past. A Shabti is a small human figure representing a person who would perform a given task for the deceased in the afterlife. Described as funerary figurines, these figures were costly items produced for the privileged people. The wealthy nobles and royalty did not plan on doing any work themselves, so they would take their symbolic servants with them. Shabties were made from various materials including; faience, wax, clay, wood, stone, metal and other minerals. The Shabties observed, were from the time of 1932-1759 BCE. Covering the period of the Middle Kingdom. They all seemed to be very similar by the way the were posed with their arms crossed and standing up. All their facial expressions seemed to have the same appearance as well. The painting or carving of the writing all looks similar but once looked at more closely to see the details, the the amount of time put into the pictures and writing can be seen. Many of patterns include lines drawn on the clothing. Also the figures were called upon to carry out the tasks in the after life. To do so the Shabti was supplied with miniature agricultural tools to fulfill these tasks. Which can be seen when looked at very closely. What makes them different from each other is the medium they were created in. The faience figures are a blueish to light green color with most of the writing carved into it. The wood Shabties are painted over to be any color, sometimes even with golden leaf. To call these figures a type of object is correct. They are all objects that can be seen and once were touched and made. They all are this same type of object because even though they were made at different times and in difference places in Egypt, they all still are seen today. If the Shabties were not grouped together, being able to recognize them separately would be just as easy. They are very distinct figures by their size, silhouette and detailed writing. Being able to be recognized Ancient Egyptian Shabties when separate and still look appropriate when together is one of the style characteristics Egyptians were able to create. The similarities in the each other figures, is the characteristic of being consistent. How each statue was placed in the glass case, they almost seemed to be grouped. Beginning with the alabaster, the two figures were both of medium size and couldn’t make out much of the writing on them. The next grouping was ones made of limestone. With these three figures grouped together, one could see how they were created by the same artist following the steps of the first. The largest of the bunch was the limestone, Coffin of Luy. This was different from most in the collection since it was an actual open figure, but still had a reoccurring pattern like he other figures. The next grouping, The Three Shabties of Setau, were made out of wood. These were the most colorful, since they were all painted. They seemed to still be like the older figures but made in a newer and more decorated way. The figures made of faience varied in size, some only a few inches. They were either carved in or has black paint writing on them. As seen, there is a large variety of Shabties, yet the sense of style kept between was able to pass along through hundreds of years. The one Shabti that stood out to me was the, Shabty of Sati. New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, Reign of Amenhotep III 1390-1352 BCE. It was made out of faience, but wasn’t the common green-blue color. It had the most different colors all painted on it. Including red, blue, yellow, and green. The whole figured wasnt painted so the faience material could be seen. What drew me to it at first was that it was in a case of its very own. It was in the same pose as the other figures but this one looked very well preserved, not smudged or chipped like many of the others, so it stood out. The combination of the paint and grey made it very unique to use both materials. The style of this figure very much goes with the rest of figures. As stated earlier, the most admired artists were those who replicated the most admired styles of the past. With this figure since it was a later on piece, it seemed to still associate with the same characteristics of the past Shabeti figures. Ancient Egyptian artwork was not meant to be artwork at first. Religious meanings and symbols were the priority. Everything was for the god’s and what would come in their life. But from these practices of art, they created a style of their own. Style in relation to art history, usually refers to a characteristic, or a number of characteristics that we can identify as constant, recurring, or distinct. In art, the sum of such characteristics can be associated with a particular artist, group, or culture, or with an artist’s work at a specific time. The culture of Egyptian art was to keep the process constant of the same kind of art. And as time passed, even if some characteristics changed, the main style recurred somehow. The Shabeti figures did that, and once studied upon more, most of Egyptian art will be styled in the same way, shape, and form.

The Dutch Health Care System Health And Social Care Essay

The Dutch Health Care System Health And Social Care Essay After years of spiraling health costs, change was needed to the Dutch Health Care System. A dual system was introduced January 2006 comprising of compulsory private health insurance and government provided health care. Compulsory private health insurance finances all primary and  curative care  (i.e. the family doctor service and hospitals and clinics). Social insurance funded by earmarked taxation covers long term care for the elderly, palliative care, and the long term mental health patients needs. Primary Health care is provided by family physicians, district nurses, home care givers, midwives, physiotherapists, social workers, dentists and pharmacists. Each person must be registered with a local family physician. The general practitioner makes referrals to specialists or hospitals. The Netherlands has world class hospitals, including eight university hospitals. Each of the university hospitals offer services such as  neurosurgery,  cardiac surgery, a high-level  emergency department, advanced  oncology, departments for infectious diseases, and other services generally not found in smaller hospitals. A level and type of care similar to that offered by university hospitals is offered by a number of large hospitals which are not directly affiliated with a university, though these hospitals tend to be somewhat smaller. These hospitals are frequently referred to as top-clinical centers. Most of the hospitals in The Netherlands are private not-for-profit institutions. This compares well with the Australian health care system. Although Australia has a strong private health care system, it is not compulsory. Government funded health care provides excellent care in public hospitals, primary health care included visits to gps, and discounted pharmaceuticals. Role of Government Dutch Health care is regulated by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, and the current Minister is Edith Schippers. Marlies Veldhuijzen van Zanten-Hyllner is State Secretary for Health, Welfare and Sport. The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport de ¬Ã‚ nes policies that aim to ensure the wellbeing of the population to lead healthy lifestyles. One of the main objectives of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport is to guarantee access to a system of health care facilities and services of high quality where all citizens have private health care. The Ministry has acts within the Exceptional Medical Expenses Act (AWBZ) and the Sickness Fund Act (ZFW). Local authorities work with the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport to provide public health care to the community. Local authorities are involved in public safety policies, including the the implementation of the Medical Assistance (Accidents and Disasters) Act.). The Ministry also coordinates the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, a major knowledge centre for public health care. The Ministry of Interior and Kingdom Relations is responsible for: standards in public administration policy on urban areas the integration of minorities coordinating integrated public safety and security policies Funding Finance Minister Jan Kees de Jager reported on 12 May 2011 that the rising cost of healthcare is the biggest challenge facing the Netherlands and the rest of the world. This increased spending on Australian health care reflects this trend. Over the past decade, the cost of healthcare has risen by 4% a year, while the economy has only grown 2%, he said. That is unsustainable, he said. At some point that single category will eat up the entire economy. The Netherlands spent à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬60bn (A$80bn) on healthcare in 2010.. De Jager said the solution does not lie in increasing premiums or cutting coverage. In the long term you cannot avoid looking for solutions within healthcare itself, he said. How we approach this is the biggest challenge that we have to deal with, for both the Netherlands and the rest of the world. Australia is facing the same issue of rising health care costs. The government has implemented incentive schemes to encourage a higher percentage of Australians taking up private health insurance (30% private health insurance rebate) as well as a 3% medicare levy for those earning over $70 000 who do not have private health insurance. Workforce The Dutch Health Care system is facing a universal issue with its health workforce. The ease of travel through EU and geographic proximity of countries has created a very mobile health workforce. The report xxxxxx Health Worker migration from Western Europe, may increase, adversely affecting health system performance in other countries, particularly those that have joined the EU since 2004. The Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport is responsible for the development of policies to ensure the health and social wellbeing of the residents in this small densely populated country. The Netherlands is similar to the United States in having a health system based on private providers with government responsibility for the accessibility, affordability and quality of health care. Health insurance is compulsory and the government contributes for those unable to pay. General practices are private businesses which enter into a contract with insurers to supply services to the customers of the insurance company. GPs are paid a capitation fee per patient registered with their practice, a fee per consultation and a negotiable reimbursement for practice costs, depending on services offered, staff employed, and the achievement of quality and efficiency indicators. These fees are paid to the GPs by the insurance companies. Most GPs are independently established and self-employed. Patients in The Netherlands choose their own family physician, but are required to register with a practice. Many practices employ a practice nurse to provide chronic disease management and most GPs employ doctors assistants who can perform simple medical procedures such as taking blood pressure, syringing ears, giving injections and performing vein punctures under instruction from GPs. Out-of-hours centres or cooperatives provide access to PHC services from GPs, nurses or doctors assistants from 5pm to 8am. The report indicates a pull from health works in countries further east and south seeking better pay and career opportunities. There are large disparities in health expenditure across the EU, as well as skill shortages (actual and projected) in many health systems in western Europe, which may exert a pull on health workers in countries further east and south seeking better pay and career opportunities. This raises important questions what is the evidence that health workers are migrating, and is any migration temporary or permanent? If health worker migration is an issue, what are the options for policy makers? What are the push and pull factors and how can they be addressed? It is critical that the issue of migration is examined in the broader context of the dynamics of health care labour markets, and that any policy solutions focus on improving monitoring as well as managing what is happening. It is also crucial to understand migration trends in relation to existing stocks and flows of health workers. In order to do this, better and more complete data are needed to monitor the situationso that policy decisions can be made from an informed perspective. Conclusion In summary, The Netherlands are facing the same health care themes as the rest of the world, including Australia. A mobile workforce has led to a health care worker shortage. Increasing health care costs has led the government to rethink private health insurance and the Dutch government implemented a compulsory system in .

The Modern Grotesque Hero in John Kennedy Tooles, A Confederacy of Dun

The Modern Grotesque Hero in John Kennedy Toole's, A Confederacy of Dunces John Kennedy Toole unleashes a compelling criticism of modern society in the principal work he produced in his short lifetime, A Confederacy of Dunces. Using masterfully crafted comedy, Toole actually strengthens his disparaging position on the modern world. Boisterously and unabashedly opinionated, Ignatius Reilly, the principal character of this novel, colors the narrative with a poignant humor that simultaneously evokes both laughter and pity from readers. Near the beginning of the story, his mother's financial difficulties suddenly force Ignatius to leave the womb-like security of his bedroom and seek employment, making him abandon his project of writing a scathing description of "the disaster course that history had been taking for the past four centuries" (Toole 41) on childish Big Chief tablets. The action of the novel revolves around Ignatius's experience in society as he bumbles from job to job with his ever-present sense of superiority. His outward slovenly appearance and the incongruity between his professed beliefs and his actions create in Ignatius the epitome of the modern grotesque hero. Walker Percy wrote: "'Toole's greatest achievement is Ignatius Reilly, slob, intellectual, ideologue, deadbeat, goof off, who should repulse the reader with his gargantuan bloats, his thunderous contempt and one-man all out war against all of modern times...'" (Samway 345). Using the grotesque to further highlight the satirical conflict that man encounters with modern society, John Kennedy Toole, in A Confederacy of Dunces, artfully attacks the economic, religious, and social states of present day America. The use of such a grotesque principal cha... ...nre." Mississippi Quarterly 38.1 (1984-1985): 33-47. Miller, Keith D. "The Conservative Vision of John Kennedy Toole." Conference of College Teachers of English Studies 48 (1993): 30-34. Nelson, William. "The Comic Grotesque in Recent Fiction." Thalia-Studies in Literary Humor 5.2 (1982): 36-40. Palumbo, Carmine D. "John Kennedy Toole and His Confederacy of Dunces." Louisiana Folklore Miscellany 10 (1995): 59-77. Patteson, Richard F. and Thomas Sauret. "The Consolation of Illusion: John Kennedy Toole's A Confederacy of Dunces." The Texas Review 4.1-2 (1983): 77-87. Ruppersburg, Hugh. "The South and John Kennedy Toole's A Confederacy of Dunces." Studies in American Humor 5.2-3 (1986): 118-126. Samway, Patrick H., S.J. Walker Percy: A Life. New York: Farrar, 1997. Toole, John Kennedy. A Confederacy of Dunces. New York: Grove, 1980. 13

Color Purple :: essays research papers

The book called The Color Purple shows many of the topics discussed in class, but for the purpose of this paper I would like to discuss three aspects that are the most concerning and disturbing. The concept of the body, reproduction, and violence shown through the novel are the most prominent and key concerns seen in this literature selection that I would like to analyze in this expository essay. Beginning with the concept of the body, The Color Purple portrays a very graphic portrayal from the first pages. â€Å"She ugly† (Walker, 9). This gives the feel that the men have high standards of the women that are seen in this story of Black Southern Women. This also can be seen when Celie (the main character) holds on to a picture of Shug Avery (the woman she lets her husband have an affair with) because she is so beautiful. These are ideals seen in our culture as a whole. Women holding onto pictures of women in magazines and posters lead to the idea that the airbrushed picture is attainable and that is what the women of the world need to look like. The forerunner of this is visualized when this is what the men look at in their magazines. The view that men have of women is one of this sexual being waiting to be had. Celie holding onto this picture is the same as a woman today buying a magazine that appeals to her inferior parts. â€Å"I’m not as pretty or as smart†(10) is played on throughout the book as well as in our culture. Women of the world today need to be attractive to be someone, or so it seems. The same way Celie is a barefoot and pregnant housewife living her fantasy of a singer that is attractive. The epitome of the quotes that shows the sexuality associated with a women’s body is â€Å"right down there in your *censored* is a little button that gits real hot when you do you know what with somebody† (81). This allows the feeling of vulgarity in someone’s mind today, because talk of this sort is discounted. Throu gh this following quote it continues with other vulgarities that society does not accept â€Å"I kiss her back†¦Then us touch each other† (118). Mainly, because female sexuality as a whole is discounted and seen as a negative portrayal of our home lives.

Cases on Contract Essay

The defendant made the highest bid for the plaintiff’s goods at an auction sale, but he withdrew his bid before the fall of the auctioneer’s hammer. It was held that the defendant was not bound to purchase the goods. His bid amounted to an offer which he was entitled to withdraw at any time before the auctioneer signified acceptance by knocking down the hammer. Note: The common law rule laid down in this case has now been codified in s57(2) Sale of Goods Act 1979. Fisher v Bell (1960) A shopkeeper displayed a flick knife with a price tag in the window. The Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 made it an offence to ‘offer for sale’ a ‘flick knife’. The shopkeeper was prosecuted in the magistrates’ court but the Justices declined to convict on the basis that the knife had not, in law, been ‘offered for sale’. This decision was upheld by the Queen’s Bench Divisional Court. Lord Parker CJ stated: â€Å"It is perfectly clear that according to the ordinary law of contract the display of an article with a price on it in a shop window is merely an invitation to treat. It is in no sense an offer for sale the acceptance of which constitutes a contract.† PSGB v Boots (1953) The defendants’ shop was adapted to the â€Å"self-service† system. The question for the Court of Appeal was whether the sales of certain drugs were effected by or under the supervision of a registered pharmacist. The question was answered in the affirmative. Somervell LJ stated that â€Å"in the case of an ordinary shop, although goods are displayed and it is intended that customers should go and choose what they want, the contract is not completed until, the customer having indicated the articles which he needs, the shopkeeper, or someone on his behalf, accepts that offer. Then the contract is completed.† Partridge v Crittenden (1968) It was an offence to offer for sale certain wild birds. The defendant had advertised in a periodical ‘Quality Bramblefinch cocks, Bramblefinch hens, 25s each’. His conviction was quashed by the High Court. Lord Parker CJ stated that when one is dealing with advertisements and circulars, unless they indeed come from manufacturers, there is business sense in their being construed as invitations to treat and not offers for sale. In a very different context Lord Herschell in Grainger v Gough (Surveyor of Taxes) [1896] AC 325, said this in dealing with a price list: â€Å"The transmission of such a price list does not amount to an offer to supply an unlimited quantity of the wine described at the price named, so that as soon as an order is given there is a binding contract to supply that quantity. If it were so, the merchant might find himself involved in any number of contractual obligations to supply wine of a particular description which he would be quite unable to carry out, his stock of wine of that description being necessarily limited.† Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893) An advert was placed for ‘smoke balls’ to prevent influenza. The advert offered to pay  £100 if anyone contracted influenza after using the ball. The company deposited  £1,000 with the Alliance Bank to show their sincerity in the matter. The plaintiff bought one of the balls but contracted influenza. It was held that she was entitled to recover the  £100. The Court of Appeal held that: (a) the deposit of money showed an intention to be bound, therefore the advert was an offer; (b) it was possible to make an offer to the world at large, which is accepted by anyone who buys a smokeball; (c) the offer of protection would cover the period of use; and (d) the buying and using of the smokeball amounted to acceptance. Harvey v Facey (1893) The plaintiffs sent a telegram to the defendant, â€Å"Will you sell Bumper Hall Pen? Telegraph lowest cash price†. The defendants reply was â€Å"Lowest price  £900†. The plaintiffs telegraphed â€Å"We agree to buy †¦ for  £900 asked by you†. It was held by the Privy Council that the defendants telegram was not an offer but simply an indication of the minimum price the defendants would want, if they decided to sell. The plaintiffs second telegram could not be an acceptance. Gibson v MCC (1979) The council sent to tenants details of a scheme for the sale of council houses. The plaintiff immediately replied, paying the  £3 administration fee. The council replied: â€Å"The corporation may be prepared to sell the house to you at the purchase price of  £2,725 less 20 per cent.  £2,180 (freehold).† The letter gave details about a mortgage and went on â€Å"This letter should not be regarded as a firm offer of a mortgage. If you would like to make a formal application to buy your council house, please complete the enclosed application form and return it to me as soon as possible.† G filled in and returned the form. Labour took control of the council from the Conservatives and instructed their officers not to sell council houses unless they were legally bound to do so. The council declined to sell to G. In the House of Lords, Lord Diplock stated that words italicised seem to make it quite impossible to construe this letter as a contractual offer capable of being converted into a legally enforceable open contract for the sale of land by G’s written acceptance of it. It was a letter setting out the financial terms on which it may be the council would be prepared to consider a sale and purchase in due course. Harvela v Royal Trust (1985) Royal Trust invited offers by sealed tender for shares in a company and undertook to accept the highest offer. Harvela bid $2,175,000 and Sir Leonard Outerbridge bid $2,100,000 or $100,000 in excess of any other offer. Royal Trust accepted Sir Leonard’s offer. The trial judge gave judgment for Harvela. In the House of Lords, Lord Templeman stated: â€Å"To constitute a fixed bidding sale all that was necessary was that the vendors should invite confidential offers and should undertake to accept the highest offer. Such was the form of the invitation. It follows that the invitation upon its true construction created a fixed bidding sale and that Sir Leonard was not entitled to submit and the vendors were not entitled to accept a referential bid.† Blackpool Aero Club v Blackpool Borough Council (1990) BBC invited tenders to operate an airport, to be submitted by noon on a fixed date. The plaintiffs tender was delivered by hand and put in the Town Hall letter box at 11am. However, the tender was recorded as having been received late and was not considered. The club sued for breach of an alleged warranty that a tender received by the deadline would be considered. The judge awarded damages for breach of contract and negligence. The council’s appeal was dismissed by the Court of Appeal. ACCEPTANCE Brogden v MRC (1877) B supplied coal to MRC for many years without an agreement. MRC sent a draft agreement to B who filled in the name of an arbitrator, signed it and returned it to MRC’s agent who put it in his desk. Coal was ordered and supplied in accordance with the agreement but after a dispute arose B said there was no binding agreement. It was held that B’s returning of the amended document was not an acceptance but a counter-offer which could be regarded as accepted either when MRC ordered coal or when B actually supplied. By their conduct the parties had indicated their approval of the agreement.