How Does Literature Shape American Culture - 968 Words

American Literature: Literary or Geometry? How does American literature shape American culture? America, a baby nation compared to many other countries, has shaped itself into one of the most politically and technically advanced places in the world. The definition of American Literature is any literary work written in, or about The United States. The Great Gatsby, The Scarlet Letter, The Narrative of the Life of Fredric Douglass and various other works of literature are all pieces of American literature that have helped shape American society. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the sixteen hundreds. Hester Prynne is accused of committing adultery in her small puritan settlement but†¦show more content†¦This so much like the American attitude of the 1920’s where even the most average person felt like they had a chance of becoming a millionaire but that idea slowly consumed many Americans into debt or worse. The American dream developed further as the era went on and many challenged social reforms but when the stock market crashed so did this optimistic American dream. St. Johns Church, Richmond, Virginia on March 23, 1775, Patrick Henry stands in front of the Virginia Convention to persuade them into joining the Revolutionary War in the hopes of gaining freedom from England. Given the era, Patrick Henry was taking an enormous risk proclaiming to fight against its mother nation. Although the speech was not entirely in truth, we still see an accurate repr esentation of Americans fighting for their dreams. In this case that dream was freedom. This piece of literature not only earned us our freedom, but also helped to better shape the American dream. Even fifty plus years after writing How to Kill a Mocking Bird, Harper Lee is still one of the best American authors of the time. She paints a beautiful picture of the oppressed American south and elaborates the grim past of Jim Crow Laws and racial segregation. The book shares many lessons about family, friendship, forgiveness, and standing up for what is right -- even if theShow MoreRelatedThe Discipline Of American Studies Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe discipline of American Studies is focused on exploring and understanding power, American society, culture, and related attitudes and behavior. An interdisciplinary approach focusing both on the retelling of queer narratives in Latinx literature and heteronormative ideology directly links to disciplinary foundations of literary theory, social identity, and cultural conditions demonstrated both in the fields English and American Studies. One specific area of disciplinary focus has been identityRead MoreWriters And Editors On Can ovista Restoration Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesand it is from that time that writing and literature thus begins in the social life of all mankind, it is not enough to say, that it is through literature that we can know what everything that had happened in centuries ago. However, while reading a book, or any other text, we find not only fragments of history, but also with a number of positions of the authors about current issues, including politics. The political relationship - is evident in literature politics, as writer Pascual Martinez as inRead MoreThe Emergence Of Self Concept1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emergence of Self Throughout our history the idea of self has developed and proved to be a dominant concept that Americans have come to understand. Not defined or found in lineage, religion, or history, the concept of self is defined by a collection of values. These values and principles are rooted in individualism, self-actualization, and self-reliance where people are able to fulfill their own destiny and believe in the promise that through ward work and determination life can be differentRead MoreAnalysis Of Maxine Trottier s Three Songs For Courage1440 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is defined as the arts, literature and intellectual life of a society, and it is part of what makes us human. Throughout history, literature has displayed the importance of belonging to a particular group, and how it complements one’s life. Culture dominance is defined as a culture that is deemed the most powerful or influential within a society in which other cultures are present. How can literature use literar y devices to teach us about culture dominance? Can a dominant culture be a positiveRead MoreEnglish Is An International Language1475 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents who study English literature or linguistics has been increasing. Learning English literature is a good choice to improve people’s English because literature and linguistics are related to each other. Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. And it’s not just about learning language; it’s about understanding the culture as well because language and culture are related very deeply to each other. With this, you can’t learn language without also embracing the culture. The â€Å"Linguistic RelativityRead MoreCultural Identity Essay790 Words   |  4 Pages As Thomas Carlyle, a Scottish philosopher once said, â€Å"culture is the process by which a person becomes all that they were created capable of being.† Cultural identity can be expressed through things like family values, ethnicity, and environment. Morals and opinions can be affected by the person’s views on the world and others. One’s culture occasionally informs the way one views others and the world because it can create or change your cultural identity, and develop one’s personal identity, whichRead MoreChallenges Faced By Ethnic Minority Supervisors1216 Words   |à ‚  5 Pagesguided by the courses I took in the doctoral program, my personal experience as a supervisor and the gaps in literature review that motivated me to pursue this area of research. In the past two and a half years of my doctoral program, I took courses (advanced clinical supervision, advanced family counseling, and independent research in multicultural counseling supervision, multicultural literature for children and adolescents, and a course on survey design in educational research) to help me better understandRead MoreAsian American And Asian Americans Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesAsian Americans comprise only about 5% of the U.S. population, this group is the fastest growing segment of American society. Despite such rapid expansion, Asian Americans are widely underrepresented throughout media, whether in television, cinema, or literature. Moreover, there are different stereotypes associated with Asian Americans. One of the most pervasive stereotypes details how Asian Am ericans are a â€Å"model minority†. In essence, this myth describes how anyone who is Asian American will becomeRead More Compare and Contrast the Way in which Emerson and Thoreau Represents American Identity1290 Words   |  6 Pageswhich ultimately led to prosper European cultures. Although America became an independent nation, European culture was still playing its role. Therefore, American writers namely Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau presented an idea about American Identity. Emerson in The American Scholar and Thoreau in Walden represents the idea of American identity by connecting this concept with nature and individuality but Emerson presents his idea about American identity in an intelligent manner whereasRead MoreThe Influence Of The Harlem Renaissance On African American Literature1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affect of the Harlem Renaissance on African American Literature The second half of the eighteenth century introduced a new expression to the literary world. The new expression was a voice that belonged to the African American writers. The African American writers wrote with a flair and brought a new perspective to the realm of literature. Literature, as America had known it, consisted of works from Christopher Columbus, John Smith, William Bradford, and Mary Rowlandson; these writers captured

Marilyn Monroe Pros And Cons - 1653 Words

Norma Jeane Mortenson: Marilyn Monroe in the Making Marilyn Monroe is considered to be one of the biggest movie goddesses, and prime sex symbols to be alive in her time. Yet, she also wished to be known as more than just a pretty face, but as a serious, talented actress (Owings). She was born June 1, 1926 in Los Angeles, California with the name of Norma Jeane Mortenson and had endured a difficult childhood growing up. Despite living in an orphanage, and her mother Gladys Baker in and out of her life, Monroe managed to out weight the cons with the pros (Porter). Though having endured such hard times, Marilyn Monroe took her â€Å"hard knock† life and turned it around causing her to boom in the 1950s changing the outlook of the world. Due†¦show more content†¦Marilyn herself was a struggling starlet who had big dreams. She worked hard to attain her goals, even if it meant that she had to go without eating to spend every dime she made on classes to get her a  "big break† in movies. She even showed a single minded dedication and much ambition to make something of herself and do it all on her own without the help of â€Å"filthy rich† business men who would rather her body than what she has to offer as an actress or a model (Winder). Monroe not only endured the struggles of determination but during this time she even showed kind heartedness and made anonymous donations to several different organizations and always made time for children. She was not like others who allowed the fame to get to their heads. She always made sure to take time and do the right things because she knew that everyone struggled with different issues and she did not want others feeling alone. She knew exactly what it was like to have nothing and struggled for the longest and wanted to stand up for what she believed in (Porter). Marilyn wanted nothing but the best for everybody and equal rights, so every chance that she got she took and stood up fo r what she believed in. Another one of Marilyn’s greatest assets to the world was that she stood up for her right as a woman and for everyone else as well. This caused a major impact on the world,Show MoreRelatedA Case Study And Treatment Plan For Marilyn Monroe Essay4865 Words   |  20 PagesDaswani-1 A Case Study and Treatment Plan for Marilyn Monroe: Borderline Personality Disorder Anita Daswani deMena Hodges University June 12, 2015 Abstract There are many factors which may have had an effect on Marilyn Monroe’s psychological state. I will attempt to prove in my case study and treatment plan, that if Marilyn Monroe had lived in the time period we live in today she would have been better able to be overcome her struggle with mental illness. If treated for BorderlineRead MoreSpanx Can Help to Correct Every Womans Body Essay787 Words   |  4 Pagesundergarments. The original concept was to create a firmer look. Spanx has transformed from a line of undergarments that created a firmer look to several products that can help you instantly look two sizes smaller. But what are the pros and cons of shapewear? The pros are that it works, you will certainly look two sizes smaller but having to pull, hop, jump and suck yourself into it can make you feel anything but attractive. You wont have the muffin top, the extra skin at the bra line or the awkwardRead MoreHow Dress Code Takes Meaning And Life Out Of Clothes1246 Words   |  5 Pages Con Dress Code â€Å"Clothes mean nothing until someone lives in them.† A quote from Marc Jacobs. So as you listen to the this speech think about what that means and how dress code takes meaning and life out of clothes. Fashion is a personal art you can tell what people like to do, eat, watch, and play when you look at their clothing. If you were wearing a Marshall sweatshirt and I didn t know you I would immediately know that you most likely go to marshall, root for marshall, andRead MoreWhat Are the Key Success Factors (Ksf) in the Japanese Marketplace1917 Words   |  8 PagesIt’s not only a jean but also a culture that is a part of American culture. Levi’s is success. The Image of young America was used to appeal to the Japanese Consumers. American Idols and Celebrities like James Dean, John Wayne, Steve McQueen and Marilyn Monroe. Television was the primary marketing tool followed by Magazines. Levi Strauss has competing brands in jeans production that they must compete with to succeed in sales Selling alternative styles and continually updating their products helped inRead MoreLevis at Walmart1819 Words   |  8 PagesDepression, advertising in different languages, and promoting integrated factories, Levis soon became a fan favorite. With the help of product placement, Levis remained popular throughout the years with the help of John Wayne, Marlon Brando, Marilyn Monroe, Woodstock, and Bruce Springsteen, and was known as the cool brand. They expanded to different lines and eventually had many diverse interests. They did not stop there. Levis even developed the Dockers brand to reach a new segment of theRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of the Criminalization of Pornography1906 Words   |  8 PagesThe Pros and Cons of the Criminalization of Pornography Americans were alternatively shocked, alarmed and delighted when Marilyn Monroe appeared on the cover of the first Playboy magazine in 1953. Since that time, the debate over pornography has become increasingly heated, due in large part to critics who argue that the medium debases women and teaches young people the wrong lessons about human sexuality. To gain some fresh insights about these issues, this paper provides a review of the relevantRead MoreChicken of the Sea Case Study4280 Words   |  18 Pageschicken or tuna. Viewers of the show laughed and/or shook their heads in bewilderment while the media quickly picked up on the comment and began comparing Simpson to ditzy stars from previous generations such as Gracie Allen, Lucille Ball, and Marilyn Monroe. While Simpson’s gaffe became the target of jokes and a myriad of media stories, it also ignited a wave of popularity for both her and the show. As the media attention intensified, Chicken of the Sea’s Senior Vice President of MarketingRead MoreGender and Advertising7641 Words   |  31 Pagestrillion (Wallace, 2011). Around the world, women are delaying marriage to increase their educational and career opportunities. GENDER AND INFORMATION PROCESSING As discussed in Chapter 2, advertisers provide messages and leave the meaning up to con-sumers to develop. 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European Gothic Sculpture Free Essays

â€Å"Name and discuss in detail two Gothic sculptures making references to the period in which they were produced, them, composition and style. Discuss briefly the role of a sculpture in a named Cathedral from the Gothic Period. † The word â€Å"Gothic† was given to the style of architecture that evolved between 1150 and 1499 in Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on European Gothic Sculpture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was invented by the Renaissance historians and artists to express their negative attitude to an art they thought was barbaric. Gothic culture was urban based unlike Romanesque culture which was, for the most part, rural based. Cathedrals became retreat centers for education and political power during the Gothic period. Initially, it was slow to spread throughout Europe but it lasted for a long time. The Gothic style evolved through three distinct phases; The early or Archaic phase which retained a lot of Romanesque features such as heaviness and solidity, the middle phase which captured Gothic features and characteristics in perfect harmony and the Flamboyant phase where the features were wholly gothic and the cathedrals were mainly skeletal structures made mainly with glass. The sculptures I will discuss from the Gothic period are the Well of Moses and the tomb of Philip the Bold, both sculpted by Claus Cluster. The hexagonal â€Å"Well Of Moses†, which is now lacking the crucifixion scene it originally possessed, presents six life-sized prophets holding books, scrolls or both. The theme is that o sadness and deeper as the hexagonal base is surrounded by the figures of the six prophets who had foreseen the death of Christ on the Cross. Standing on slender colonnades on the corners between these prophets are six weeping angels. The figures, beginning with Moses, continue anti-clockwise around n subculture to David, Jeremiah, Escherichia, Daniel vigorously points to his prophecy. On the other side of Daniel, serving to balance Daniels passionate temperament, is the calm and reflective, Isaiah. This Juxtaposition defines Cluster’s use of alternating naturalistic balances. The head and torso fragment of Christ from the Calvary reveals a power and intensity of retained expression that conveys overwhelming grandeur. Christ is portrayed as suffering and being resigned, this is epitomizes by the fact that his brow is knitted, though the lower part of his face, narrow and emancipated, is alma and free of stress. In my opinion, Moses is the most accomplished figure in this sculpture as the detail in his beard is outstanding on Cluster’s behalf. He is depicted as powerful being as a result of the barely noticeable pair of horns on his forehead. The detail in his face has also been beautifully executed. The figures of the composition dominate the architectural framework but also reinforce the feeling of support that the structure provides through the figures’ largeness of movement. It is unfortunate that this sculpture was damaged by weathering as a result of being coated outside and then again damaged in the 17th Century during the French Revolution as it is an extraordinary piece of work. The Tomb of Philip the Bold is located at the Dijon Cathedral in France. It was made by Claus Cluster and Claus De Were, Cluster’s nephew, and commissioned by Jean De Marvel. It is an example of Cluster’s latest preserved work. Jean De Marvel was only responsible for the arcaded gallery below the slab of black marble from Dianna. The theme of this sculpture is one of sorrow and death as it was created to hold the body of Duke Philip when he died. The tomb itself was not ready when Duke Philip died in 1404 and it was rather the Duke’s son, Duke John the Fearless, who resides in it today. There are forty figures, each about 41 CM, that make up the mourning procession. These were either designed or executed by Cluster himself. Not all of these figures are still with the tomb, however. Three are lost, three are in the Cleveland Museum of Art and one is in a French Private Collection. These figures are all unique as although Cluster did not invent the mourning procession, nor did he like it, he conceived some of the figures as weepers, of whom no two are alike. Some openly express sorrow while other contain their grief. However all are wrapped in heavy wool, draping garments that occasionally veil a bowed head and face to convey a hidden mourning. The style is wholly gothic and intricate as the folds in the garments of the mourners are meticulously sculpted and one could mistake them easily for being real. One of the few structures to survive the Gothic period was that of Chartres Cathedral and the Royal Portal which was integrated into the design of the Cathedral after the fire in 1194. This portal which was begun in about 1150 gives us an idea of the imagery and he technical aspects of Gothic portals which were partially inherited from Romanesque portals. The theme is a brief summing up of the CHristian doctrine of the time and it illustrates the links between the New and Old Testaments. On the jambs are he prophets and the forerunners of Christ and on the tympanums from the left to the right are depicted as the Ascension, CHrist of the Apocalypse and the Mystery of Incarnation. The harmonious appearance of the facade results from the relative proportions of the central and lateral portals, whose widths are 10:7. Although the upper parts of the portal are treated separately, two sculptural elements run horizontally across the facade, uniting its different parts. The most obvious of these are the Jamb statues attached to the columns flanking the doorways which consist of tall, slender standing figures of kings and queens from which some think the Royal Portal got its name. Some believe these figures are the past monarchs of France and others believe they are monarchs from the Old Testament. Some also believe that the term ‘Royal Portal’ refers to the Virgin Mary as Queen of Heaven. The tympanum on the left portal shows Christ standing on a cloud, supported by two angels. Some see this as a depiction of the Ascension of Christ while others see it as representing the Second Coming of Christ. There are angels in the upper lintel, descending from a cloud and apparently shouting to those below. The archivists on this tympanum contain the signs of the zodiac and the labors of the months. These aspects can be seen in many different gothic portals. In the centre of the tympanum Christ is depicted as being surrounded by four symbols of the evangelists. The lintels also show the Twelve Apostles while the archivists show the twenty-four Elder of the Apocalypse. Less obvious than the Jamb statues but far more intricately carved is the image that stretches all across the fade in the sculpted capitals on top of the Jamb columns. Carved into these capitals is a very lengthy narrative depicting the life of the Virgin and the life and Passion of Christ. As we can see, this Royal Portal on the West of CHartres Cathedral is one of the more impressive structures from the Gothic period. In conclusion, it can be clearly seen here that the sculptures from the Gothic centuries were of grandeur quality and the artwork that was executed in this time is truly amazing. How to cite European Gothic Sculpture, Papers

Various Strategies Singapore Overseas Bank â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Various Strategies Singapore Overseas Bank? Answer: Introduction The report deals with the money market scenario in the Singapore. After analyzing that we are the money market dealing team and is working for a reputed Singapore Overseas Bank. Through the analysis and presentation of the historical data for the last three years is has been found out that the interest has been constant during the year 2014 and 2015 but it has fluctuated during the second half of 2016.Tis situation due to the reason because the United States Federal Reserve decided to increase the interest rate and thereby it had impacted on the interest rates of Singapore thereby resulted in the increase in the interest rates in the Singapore Overseas Bank. In this report it has been described about the Singapore money market behavior and our team will analyze and predict the Singapore interest for the next six months. Based o the prediction and analysis, strategies are made and implemented and which forecast the risk involving those strategies and hoe the bank will ultimately maximize its profit in the scenario taking in the factor posed by money market (Bruno and Shin, 2015). Money Market Behavior In the above figure it shows that there has been increase in the interest rate in the year 2105 and 2016.The interest rate has been low in the first two years but it has considerably raised in the year 2015 and then in 2016.Thus the interest rate in the year 2016 was 1%.Although currently the interest rates has been 0.5%..It has been found out that the interest rates increased due to the increases in interest rate by the United States Federal Reserve decision to keep the interest rate from 0.25% to 0.5%. Since there was a rise in the US interest rate which has weaken the Singapore dollar rate against the United States rates. Thus it has been seen that the Singapore rates has fallen1.8% against the US rates. The higher the interest rate the higher will be the value of that particular country. The Singapore interbank rate is use as a bench mark for the using to predict the rate of mortgage loan and the lending rates. In the near times it has been seen that the US rates have been increased which eventually depreciated the value of Singapore dollar. Behavior of Singapore Money market in the next six months The SIBOR has fallen and the US interest rates have increased. The major causes for the increase in the interest rates are as follows. The US economy has made a attempt which have made the Central Bank of USA to reduce their monthly purchase of USA Government bonds. With this strategy the money has been limited in the bank and the banks charge higher interest rates from the borrowers (Turner, 2014). The strength of USD is much higher than the strength of the Singapore dollar which have resulted in the stable Singapore dollar rates. Thus there has been a rapid increase in dollar and therefore a fall in SIBOR. In order to remain competitive the ASEAN have reduced the volatility of the SGD against Singapore dollar. Expected Inflation rate We predict that the interest rate will increase in the next six months. There has been a rise in the interest rate in the years. There has been a increase in the interest rate which shows a increase I the value of the economy. The inflation rate is expected to increase with time. We will predict that there will be a rise in the inflation rate that will rebound the Singapores deflation Loan able fund theory There is an inverse relationship between the loan able funds and the interest rates since there is a direct relationship between the loan able funds and the interest rates. As the interest rate in the Singapore is expected to rise then the demand will fall. The loan able funds will rise and the higher interest encourages loans and the business will supply funds (Van Leuvensteijn et al, 2013) Sources of Funding Singapore Treasury Bills (T-Bills) T-bills are a form of instrument in the money market issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The minimum requirement for investment is S$1000 using cash or CPF savings. Once every 3 months, the MAS will put up the auction on a Monday on SGS website as well as the newspaper. Since T-bills are regarded as risk-free and highly liquid, the interest paid out usually pales in comparison to other form of investments. Although the rates are usually consistent from year to year, factors such as macroeconomic conditions and monetary policies of the country will still play a part in determining the rise of fall of the interests. The pricing of T-bills are also influenced by the level of investors confidence such that demand would rise during recessions and vice-versa. Example of a Sum A sum of $50m will be used for Overnight Cash with a predicted amount of 950 transactions with the Bid and Offer Rate for Trusty Banks Overnight Transactions are stated below. Bid Rate (%) Offer Rate (%) 0.76 0.98 Simple Interest Formula: I = PV x I x T I= interest rate T = no. of days/365 Gross Profit $301.38 x 950 = $286311 As given, the anticipated profits after calculations over the period of 6 months will be $286,311. Instrument Maturity Target Market Role of Trading Capital Required Strategy Fixed Deposit 12 months MNCs Consumers Borrower (sell) SGD$ 100 m Price Making Fixed term loan 3 months MNCs Consumers Lender SGD$ 50 m Price Making Overnight Repo 6 months MNCs Consumers Lender SGD$ 50 m Speculation Banks in Singapore Banking firm, a monopolistic bank faces a downward-sloping demand for loans and an upward-sloping supply of deposits (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). The spread between the loan rate and the deposit rate depends on the size of the interest elasticity of demand for loans and the interest elasticity of supply for deposits. A bank will change its deposit or prime rate only if the existing deposit or loan rate diverges from the profit-maximizing rate as a result of a given change in the money market rate. The amount and speed with which the deposit or loan rate will change will depend on the change in the optimal rate relative to the size of the adjustment cost. Flannery (1982) has shown that banks face significant adjustment costs in the retail deposit market as they seek to attract and maintain "core deposits". The recent literature on relationship lending by banks focuses on the high cost of investment incurred by lenders to counteract international asymmetries presented by borrowers and the effort to establish long-term relationships as a way of overcoming the problem (Ma, Xiandong and Xi,2013) Money market Instrument Bills of Exchange - The Bills of Exchange can be used to do the following: Facilitate international trade (trade bills) Raise finance (accommodation bills or commercial bills) A bill of exchange is defined as An unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determined future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person(s).( Benes et al,2015).It involves about three parties that is the Drawer (borrower) and the Acceptor/ Drawee /Guarantor and the Discounter (lender).If the bill of exchange is sold in the secondary market, it must be endorsed and in which incurs a contingent liability. Commercial Paper- The commercial paper includes the P Notes or the commercial paper. It is essentially called the IOU.The commercial paper is issued by the large organizations or companies having an excellent credit rating and is having a good capital structure. Thus the commercial paper is sold and no contingent liability arises a it arises in the bills of exchange. Thus the commercial bills yields higher than BABs (Ghosh, 2016) Treasury Notes- The treasury notes represents the Notes issued by the Government in order to raise the short term finance. The notes are issued weekly by the tender with maturity of a period of five, thirteen or twenty six weeks. The treasury notes are accused to be active in the secondary market amongst the commercial banks (Melvin and Norrbin, 2017).The treasury notes are very liquid instruments and it can be bought and sold by the Central Bank in this secondary market. Thus the treasury bills have yields lower than the BABs. Certificate of Deposit The Certificate of Deposit is essentially the promissory notes that are issued by the banks. The instruments have a maturity of ninety days and one eighty days. The yield rate which is same as BABs.The instrument is usually traded in the secondary market. It thus have a a minimum denomination which is $ 50000 (Papadamou, Sidiropoulos and Spyromitros, 2017) Risks Obstacles Before implementing the strategies, we need to consider the vital facts about risk and obstacles that company could face. The risk factors are dependent upon China and US economy and the interest rate. As a company operating in Singapore, all companies within Singapore are exposed to risks presented in Singapores environment, as well as some default risks of the market or industry. Currency risk and Obstacles that are likely to occur Singapore has a lot of trade with China and USA. This causes Singapore dollar to be influenced by the changes of the economies of those countries. Recently, the economic condition in China causes them the cut their interest rate by 0.25%, and this reduction result in an instability of currency in Singapore (Bertay, Demirg-Kunt and Huizinga, 2013). Interest Rate Risk Singapores relationship with USA both politically and economically presents both opportunity and risks to companies in Singapore. Singapores economy is heavily relied on USAs economy. The US government recently increased their interest rate, and this increment will have an impact on the interest rate in Singapore (Filardo, Genberg and Hofmann, 2016.). Exchange Rate Risk For companies that have partnered foreign companies will also have to face exchange rate risk. When two trading companies from different country have a business transaction, at least one party will have to face the exchange rate risk of dealing with another currency. A slight change of exchange rate in the market can cause one party to pay more, or receive less (Jamilov and gert, 2014). Market Volatility Specifically for the money market trading strategy, the short term financing create a risk in volatility of the market. This volatility causes the return to be unstable and there is a possibility for a company to receive a lesser return at the end of the contract, than as stated during the beginning of the contract. The cost of transaction for short term financing of money market strategy is also more costly compared to other financing instruments. Instrument Risk This arises when there is adverse condition in the market and there is counterpart default and credit risk. The money market will consist of the fixed deposits and the treasury bills and the commercial paper. There is a number of risk then there is less risk due to security and capital structure. In case there is crisis all over the World the borrowers will have to fail if they buy the instrument so there is a risk Reinvestment Risk This risk is of investing in the funds at a lower rate and there the yield will be lower. The task of managing the reinvestment is very difficult and the short term rates are volatile. In money market they invest on short term instruments when the yield curve is flat. Since there money market instruments are very volatile there may be reinvestment risk which needs to be eliminated. Counterparty Risk In case of this risk the issuer or the debtor will have the obligation to pay back the borrowed amount. This will lead the investors to sell off the commercial paper, irrespective of issuer, selling off indiscriminately. Banks stopped lending to each other, cash markets froze and multiple counterparties. To manage counterparty risk, RECM only invests in counterparties with strong balance sheets and analyses their prudential liquidity requirements, as required by the Reserve Bank, to identify banks that are facing potential liquidity pressure. RECM Executive Chairman Piet Viljoen explains: Even though poor quality counterparties generally pay higher yields, we generally avoid the Political Risk There have been a number of steps that has been taken to combat the political risk which has a implication on the money market. This is due to the reason that the money market has on the supply of the market. This is due to the fact that has on the supply of the market and on the exchange risk. The money market players are the large institutional bodies which have good hold over the market and of the risks involved there are also interest and also market risks References Al-Majali, A.A. and Al-Assaf, G.I., 2014. 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